This document critically evaluates the robustness of the two main forest certification systems – FSC and PEFC – in ten countries. We started by building up an overview of country-specific forest risks for each country based on reputable sources such as Chatham House, Preferred by Nature and Earthsight. We then assessed the applicable FSC and PEFC standards against the country risk profile, highlighting key gaps.

The countries included are: Brazil, Czech Republic, Hungary, Indonesia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, and Ukraine.

We recommend that this document is used to understand the level of certification robustness in priority countries, as a basis for setting sourcing policies based on a company's risk appetite.